Characteristics of Organisation :ĭifferent authors look at the word ‘organisation’ from their own angle. Dynamic concept lays emphasis on individuals and considers organisation as a continuous process. It considers organisation as an open adoptive system and not as a closed system. It is concerned with the process of determining activities which may be necessary for achieving an objective and arranging them in suitable groups so as to be assigned to individuals. In this sense, organisation is a process of organising work, people and the systems. Under dynamic concept, the term ‘organisation’ is used as a process of an on-going activity. It lays emphasis on position and not on individuals. In this sense, organisation is a group of people bound together in a formal relationship to achieve common objectives. Under static concept the term ‘organisation’ is used as a structure, an entity or a network of specified relationship. According to Terry organisation is the creation of relationship among persons and work so that it may be carried on in a better and efficient way. George Terry, “Organising is the establishing of effective authority relationships among selected work, persons, and work places in order for the group to work together efficiently”. All factors of production are coordinated in order to achieve organisational objectives. He has described it as the relationship among persons, factors in the enterprise. Spriegel has given a wide definition of the organization. From the standpoint of the enterprise as a whole, organisation is the structural relationship between the various factors in the enterprise”. Factory organisation concerns itself primarily with the internal relationships within the factory such as responsibilities of personnel, arrangement and grouping of machines and material control. Spriegel, “In its broadest sense organisation refers to the relationship between the various factors present in a given endeavor. Organization helps in efficient utilization of resources by dividing the duties of various persons. Oliver Sheldon, “Organization is the process so combining the work which individuals or groups have to perform with the facilities necessary for its execution, that the duties so performed provide the best channels for the efficient, systematic, positive and coordinated application of the available effort”. Koontz and O’Donnell, ‘The establishment of authority relationships with provision for co-ordination between them, both vertically and horizontally in the enterprise structure.” These authors view organization as a coordinating point among various persons in the business. In Wheeler’s view, organization is a process of fixing duties and responsibilities of persons in an enterprise so that business goals are achieved. Wheeler, “Internal organization is the structural framework of duties and responsibilities required of personnel in performing various functions within the company………… It is essentially a blue print for action resulting in a mechanism for carrying out function to achieve the goals set up by company management”. The work of each and every person is defined and authority and responsibility is fixed for accomplishing the same. Louis Allen, “Organization is the process of identifying and grouping work to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority and establishing relationships for the purpose of enabling people to work most effectively together in accomplishing objectives.” In the words of Allen, organization is an instrument for achieving organizational goals. All efforts should be made to co-ordinate different activities for running the units efficiently so that cost of production may be reduced and profitability of the unit may be increased. The authority and responsibility is fixed at various levels. First of all various activities should be grouped into different functions. Various jobs are to be performed by persons most suitable for them. The unit must be run efficiently to stay in the competitive world of business.
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